Obsidian in Turkey is abundant due to the country’s extensive volcanic history. Major sources occur in Eastern and Central Anatolia, including Nemrut, Bingöl, Suphan, Tendürek, Kars–Ardahan, Göllü Dağ, and Acıgöl. These high-quality volcanic glasses were widely used from the Neolithic onward for tools, trade, and ritual objects. Turkish obsidian was distributed across Anatolia, the Levant, Mesopotamia, and the Caucasus, making Turkey one of the most significant sources of obsidian in the ancient Near East.
